In Nigeria, power outages remain a persistent issue, driving many households to use alternative Electricity sources to meet essential needs. Among these solutions, generators play a vital role in maintaining critical functions, such as refrigeration, lighting, and protection against damage caused by humidity. While the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) and Minister of Power Adebayo Adelabu are working to improve the country’s power grid by establishing the Power Sector Communication Team, promoting local manufacturing, and reviewing ministry activities, the reliance on backup systems continues.
While more than 40% of Nigerians now enjoy over 20 hours of daily electricity, more is needed to achieve a stable and reliable distribution network. Backup systems offer essential support during electricity interruptions, yet their operation requires careful attention to avoid risks such as carbon monoxide exposure, electrical shocks, and fire outbreaks. Selecting an appropriate generator for residential use is crucial for maintaining reliable and secure backup electricity. Portable engines provide mobility, making them easy to transport when necessary, but they demand careful use to avoid safety hazards.
Risks and safety guidelines for reliable power backup.
On the other hand, standby or whole-house engines are permanently fixed and can turn on automatically when there’s an electricity failure, delivering greater ease and security. Hiring a qualified electrician to assist in choosing and setting up an engine ensures adherence to regional regulations and appropriate placement. For example, standby generators should be positioned away from the house to reduce the chance of carbon monoxide infiltrating living areas. Engaging a certified expert to evaluate power needs and verify that the installation complies with Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or similar criteria provides extra assurance.
One of the primary risks associated with backup systems use is carbon monoxide poisoning, a deadly hazard. This invisible gas, produced by burning fuel, requires ample ventilation to prevent accumulation. It should be used outdoors and positioned at least 20 feet from open windows or doors to avoid exhaust gases entering the home. Even well-ventilated garages are unsafe for plant operation due to potential gas buildup. Installing carbon monoxide detectors with battery backup on each home floor, particularly near bedrooms, provides an extra level of Security by sounding alarms if harmful gas levels are detected, allowing prompt action to prevent harm.
Fuel safety and proper connections are crucial for safe generator use.
Ventilation does more than reduce carbon monoxide risks; it also prevents overheating, which could lead to fires. Backup systems require adequate airflow to function safely, and fuel storage and handling should be done cautiously. Fuel must be stored in approved containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from any sources of heat or occupied living spaces. Containers should be clearly labelled, kept far from open flames, and away from fuel-burning appliances like water heaters. When refuelling, it is essential to turn off the engine and let it cool completely, as gasoline coming into contact with hot engine parts can ignite, leading to dangerous situations.
For those using portable engines, a safe connection to appliances is crucial. Directly plugging a generator into a home’s wiring through wall outlets is illegal and extremely hazardous. This practice, known as backfeeding, can cause electricity to flow back into the power lines, putting utility workers, neighbours, and household members at risk. Instead, it is safer to plug appliances directly into the engine or use a heavy-duty, outdoor-rated extension cord. Installing a transfer switch offers a safer and more integrated option. It connects a home’s circuits to the generator and prevents backfeeding.
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Lastly, regular maintenance is essential to ensure engine reliability during emergencies. An annual maintenance routine keeps the generator in the best condition, even if it hasn’t been used recently. Fuel should be kept fresh, and the generator should be run periodically to identify and address any issues before they disrupt emergency performance. Storage tanks, pipes, and valves should be inspected regularly for cracks or leaks, with repairs made promptly to avoid operational problems. Compliance with local above-ground fuel storage regulations can help reduce the risk of accidents and support preparation for extended outages.